For a patient with CKD the nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of risk for injury: fracture related to alternation in calcium and phosphorous metabolism. What is the pathologic process directly related to the increased risk for fractures? 

Click the area where you would see mitral regurgitation with color Doppler.

What does the sonographer use to calculate the dp/dt?

________ is defined as the exertion of force upon blood. 

__________ is the volume of blood ejected by the ventricles with each contraction.

Velocity Time Integral (VTI) is how far blood travels during one minute. 

Given a mitral deceleration time of 500 msec calculate the mitral valve pressure half-time.  

Click the area where we should sample the LVOT velocity with spectral Doppler. 

If the heart rate is 75 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 70 ml per beat, then what is the cardiac output?

____________ refers to the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles in one minute.