ATP synthesis in chemiosmotic phosphorylation involves the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane down a concentration gradient (from high to low.)

The space around the grana of the chloroplast is the __; it is filled with an enzyme rich fluid.

The plasma membrane is made up primarily of glycolipids in a bilayer.

The complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose yields ____ ATP.

Fermentation is the process that produces carbon dioxide that makes bread dough rise.

The first step in metabolizing a molecule of glucose is ___.

All the chemical and energy transformations that occur in cells as they grow and repair.

In a phospholipid bilayer, the phosphate heads are oriented to the inside and the fatty acid tails are oriented to the outside of the membrane.

Ribosomes function in ____ synthesis.

Surface area:volume ratio limits cell size.