​Systems learn, grow, and improve according to what?

​By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not being realized.

Methods of dealing with prison crowding include:​

​In regard to the convict lease system, prisoners were:

​According to the _____________________ model of corrections, criminals can be controlled appropriately through more direct use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision.

​Counting jails and prisons, approximately how many citizens are incarcerated?

​Experience has shown that successful lawsuits filed under Section 1983 have had a major impact for the grieving prisoner.

​The Enlightenment proposed which of the following ideas for correctional reform?

​According to the textbook, the overall results of the turbulent inmate rights period were:

​The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement?