On sonographic examination, a seminoma appears as:

A varicocele is an:

A 36-year- old man with a history of cocaine abuse presents with testicular pain. The following image is obtained. Which of the following is MOST consistent with the sonogram?

What pathology is most likely demonstrated on a patient with fever chills and painfully swollen prostate gland, an elevated prostate-specific antigen level, and the endorectal sonogram documenting hypoechoic prostate with increased blood flow. The most likely diagnosis is:

A 12 year old male is brought to the ER after getting into a fight at school during which he was hit in the crotch. The patient reports pain and swelling of his scrotum. Labs show a decreased hematocrit. An ultrasound is ordered and shows an enlarged left testicle with irregular borders and hypoechoic areas. The most likely diagnosis is:

Which of the following is the MOST common malignant tumor of the testicles?

A 36 year old male comes in for scheduled scrotal ultrasound to assess for infertility. The right testicle appears normal measuring 4cm x 3cm x 3cm with good color flow. The left testicle measures 3.5cm x 2.8cm x 3cm which appears normal but the sonographer detects a group of anechoic tubular structures located outside of the testicle. Color Doppler is used and the patient is told to Valsalva, which makes the tubular structures fill with color. These findings are consistent with:

A 42 year old male had a recent CT of his brain which detected metastasis. Labs were done after wards and an elevated hCG level was detected. His family Doctor sends him for a scrotal ultrasound. The patient reports to the sonographer that he has a history of cryptorchidism which they did not fix until he was 10. Ultrasound detects a hypoechoic mass in the right testicle and calcifications. A biopsy is performed and the patient is told he needs anorchiectomy. These findings are consistent with:

A 10 year old boy went to the doctor because he felt a painless lump in his right testicle. Ultrasound was ordered and a complex mass was seen on the right testicle. The mass appeared to contain a tooth. Lab work came back and both hCG and Alpha feto protein were elevated. These findings are consistent with:

The — — — — — — & — — — — — — -are the most common primary sites for testicular metastasis.