47. Which country gave large amounts of money, ships, and soldiers to help the Americans in their quest for independence?

21. Whose election as Holy Roman Emperor caused Francis I to try to gain land in Italy?

9. The conflict between the Puritans and both James I and Charles I led to the dissolution of the House of Commons, the emigration of many Puritans, and the eventual takeover by Oliver Cromwell, then the restoration of the monarchy under a Catholic king. Which of these could be considered the outcome of the conflict?

45. Who succeeded Henry VIII in England?

23. Which ruler used the ideas of the Enlightenment to improve the efficiency of the Russian government?

7. Why did the Europeans use Africans rather than Indians as slave labor in the Americas?

11. What is similar about the aftermaths of the reigns of Frederick the Great and Joseph II?

33. Paul Revere’s representation of the Boston Massacre was intended to

36. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately reflect the way city-states developed in different parts of Italy?

20. From the 1430’s onward, the Medici family held political and cultural dominance in what Italian city?