A person has not eaten for about 24 hours. During this time,…
A person has not eaten for about 24 hours. During this time, no new food is entering the digestive system. The body must still maintain normal blood glucose levels while also using more stored fat for energy. Part A: Blood Glucose Regulation (3 points) As the person’s blood glucose decreases: Which hormone increases, and which hormone decreases? (1 point) Explain how these hormonal changes help maintain normal blood glucose levels. (1 point) Why would keeping the hormone that promotes glucose storage high during fasting make it harder to maintain normal blood glucose levels? (1 point) Part B: Ketosis and Ketoacidosis (2 points) Because the person is using more stored fat for energy, the body begins producing increasing amounts of ketone bodies. What is this metabolic state called? (1 point) How is ketosis different from ketoacidosis? (1 point) Part C: Digestion and Absorption of Lipids (3 points) The person eventually eats a meal containing a large amount of triglycerides. Starting in the small intestine, describe what happens to these dietary lipids before they are absorbed. In your answer, explain the roles of: Explain how dietary lipids are prepared for digestion and why this step is important. (1 point) Explain how the products of lipid digestion are brought to the intestinal cells and absorbed. (1 point) Explain how absorbed dietary lipids are packaged and transported through the body. (1 point) Part D: Excess Amino Acids (2 points) The meal also contains more protein than the body needs at that time. Why can’t the body simply store extra amino acids for later use in the same way it stores excess carbohydrate or fat? (1 point) What happens to the nitrogen-containing portion and the carbon-containing portion of an amino acid when excess amino acids are broken down? (1 point)
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