A mutation arises in an individual that decreases its fitness. This means that this individual’s

Thick- skinned rhinoceroses and elephants were once classified together as pachyderms (meaning “thick skin”). They actually descended from different ancestors that in turn evolved from a thin-skinned common ancestor that was not included in the pachyderms. Pachyderms were therefore, as a taxon,

If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of

What field of study uses geographic distribution of extinct and living species to determine patterns of evolution?

This Theodicy maintains that evil exists so that humans may build their characters and prove themselves by overcoming it.

Rationalists, including especially Rene Descartes, maintain that:

Determine whether each sequence converges or diverges. If it converges, find the limit. If it diverges, explain why.  A).   

A concentrate feedstuff is one that is high in energy and low in fiber content.

Cacti in the deserts of southwestern North America and some euphorbs of the deserts of Africa, have barrel-shaped stems, short-lived leaves, and spines, yet these two types of plants are from different evolutionary lineages. This is an example of

This philosopher argues that all alleged knowledge of causal relationships comes from observation of constant conjunctions between events.