______________ refers to a series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving orders from the immediately above and issuing orders to the one immediately below.

Which of the following is NOT one of the challenges the future of corrections faces?

Which of the following is NOT one of the major sources of prison violence?

Chris is an inmate in a maximum-security prison.  He received a verbal reprimand for not keeping his cell clean. Two days later, he was found in possession of two cartons of cigarettes, which are contraband in the prison.  The discipline committee sanctioned Chris by placing him in “the hole” for 60 days.  Upon his release from “the hole”, he was placed in a special unit for his safety as it was believed by the other inmates that Chris “snitched” and told prison staff who was smuggling the cigarettes into the prison.After his release from the “hole”, Chris was placed where?

​Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of victims of rape in prison?

Which of the following is NOT ​one of the indicators of PTSD?

In most institutions, the custodial force has graded ranks similar to 

Most prison violence occurs between ___________.

The organizational structure of correctional institutions has changed very little over time.

Specialized facilities for frail inmates and those with physical or mental disabilities are used to protect ________ inmates from younger prisoners.