The Handy Contracting Co. operates with a definite hierarchy. Within that, the contractors are at the top. During their weekly scheduling meetings, the contractors often complain about employee ability and motivation. They collectively believe that unless they are on the job site and closely monitoring the employees, that they will be slow and nothing will get done. What type of management style is reflected in this thinking?

A principal for an elementary school is working with the district technology representatives to obtain devices for the students. The goal is to have enough devices for each student to have their own at school and to take home if needed. The group then works through details like laptop or tablet, price, storage capacity needed, etc. to see how they can make it to that end goal.  According to the Multiple Sequence Model, this group is using the ________________ path. 

Luke is working really hard taking a full course load and is working part-time and serving on the executive committee of his fraternity. On Thursday, Luke really needs to be studying for a final, but there is a fraternity meeting where he will be asked to vote on an important issue. His work just called and asked if he could pick up a shift that night. Luke is experiencing a lot of _____ conflict in this situation. 

Managers in classical theories would likely be more transactional than transformational. 

 “Acting your wage” is a recent trend discussed online with organizational employees. This phrase means to put in the amount of effort equivalent to the pay received. Although this seems new, it is not. Social Exchange Theory would call this the comparison level. 

Carlos is a tailor with a suit store. A customer comes in with a need for a dark suit for a family funeral. Carlos can’t relate, but tries to empathize with the customer as he takes the measurements for the suit. He knows this is a hard day for the customer and wants to help him in any way he is able. Carlos is ___ acting. 

A family-friendly hotel chain realizes they have a big dip in bookings when kids go back to school. They decide to implement a _________ strategy by offering special prices for “autumn getaways” and “mid-winter escapes” during their down periods. 

__________ leadership is the idea that someone is a good leader based upon their personal qualities. 

Ben loves nature and is passionate about the environment. Instead of adapting to the __________ of an organization, Ben found a place to work that fits with his core values. The company places a lot of emphasis on sustainable practices and is moving toward zero waste. 

The Pop! Soda Company released their new flavor, Cherry Fizz. The flavor was a flop. In testing, it scored lower than any soda before on flavor. The team responsible for flavoring each went to work trying to figure out a new recipe before the market research company had time to give them a thorough report of why the participants ranked it so low. One member of the team thought it was too sweet, another thought it was too fizzy and a third thought the cherry was too artificial tasting. They all agreed it needed to be fixed, but they had trouble making a decision on the final taste. According to functional theory, what is the most likely reason?