A recently isolated bacterial strain has been given to you for general characterization of the genome. You begin by isolating the DNA and subjecting it to thermal denaturation. You use Escherichia coli (E. coli) DNA as a reference.   Based on the information in the graph, you can determine that the Tm of the E. coli genome is

Which of the following works to reduce the overall Na+ concentration inside of the cell?

Each of the following molecules move across membranes by simple diffusion except

Different lipids are symmetrically distributed to each monolayer of a typical lipid bilayer.

The β-barrel is an essential component to the structure of which of these types of protein?

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A peptide bond

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) is used to study:

Animal cells maintain their cytoplasm in an isotonic state relative to their surroundings.

The main covalent bond holding the primary structure of proteins together is the hydrogen bond.