Which of the following signs and symptoms indicate that the application of NPPV is being successful? I. improvement of vital signs II. absence of respiratory muscle effort III. gas exchange improvement within 1 hour IV. decreased patient agitation and anxiety

Which of the following drugs is considered a paralytic?

The presence of systemic and pulmonary inflammatory mediators from mechanical lung injury further contributing to the development of VILI and MODS is termed __________.

A 55-year-old female patient arrives at the emergency department. She is in a nonrebreather and is unresponsive. A chest radiograph reveals ground-glass appearance. She is 50 kg. The physician asks for the recommended initial ventilator settings.  

Factors that contribute to ventilator dependence include which of the following? I. oxygenation problems II. cardiovascular problems III. neurologic problems IV. poor nutrition

The following data are collected from a patient receiving volume-controlled ventilation: PEEP LEVEL PaO2 PVO2 VT 6 cm H2O 64 torr 35 torr 600 mL 8 cm H2O 70 torr 38 torr 600 mL 10 cm H2O 75 torr 43 torr 600 mL 12 cm H2O 80 torr 34 torr 600 mL Which of the following represents optimal PEEP?

The therapist is about to establish bilevel NPPV on a patient who has COPD and has a spontaneous respiratory rate of 14 breaths/minute. Which of the following initial ventilator settings are appropriate for this patient? I. Adjust the sensitivity setting to enable pressure triggering. II. Set an IPAP of 12 cm H2O and an EPAP of 6 cm H2O. III. Institute a backup respiratory rate of 16 breaths/minute. IV. Initiate a PPEP of 10 cm H2O.

A 44-year-old male patient is being mechanically ventilated with a volume-cycled ventilator. The respiratory therapist observes that there is insufficient time for the patient to exhale completely. The therapist should

A patient with congestive heart failure has severe hypoxemia and dyspnea while using a non-rebreather mask. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for the therapist to institute at this time? I. pressure support ventilation with PEEP II. mask CPAP III. nebulized morphine IV. PRVC

A patient with ARDS is receiving mechanical ventilation with PEEP. The PEEP level is increased from 5 to 10 cm H2O. Which of the following should be monitored by the respiratory therapist to evaluate the patient’s response?