Graph 2 shows the budget constraint (in blue) of an individual before any government policies. Suppose the government then establishes a Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program, and the individual’s budget constraint changes to the one in red. Refer to Graph 2. Suppose the TANF program is established. What is the individual’s consumption if they spent all of their time in leisure? (do not enter a ‘$’ sign)

Table 1 Federal Government receipts and expenditures and nominal GDP, billions of dollars.   1967 1978 1984 1999 2009 2018 Tax receipts 108 280 410 1175 1124 1956 Other receipts 38 144 302 732 1116 1542 Government purchases and subsidies 92 173 317 501 993 1121 Government transfer payments 52 234 397 986 2141 2846 Interest payments 22 79 194 352 355 541 Net government investment 9 5 25 -3 49 4 Nominal GDP 860 2,352 4,339 9,631 14,449 20,580 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis Assume the table above represents all federal government revenues and expenditures.Refer to table 1. Suppose the government has promised to pay $100 billion dollars in benefits 10 years from now.  Assuming an interest rate of 5%, what is the present discounted value (PDV) of the obligation?  Answer in billions of dollars, rounded to two decimal places.  (i.e. enter 3.13 as the answer for 3.13 billion). Do not enter a ‘$’ sign.

A researcher was looking to see if there was a difference in mean insertion time of endotracheal tube by experienced vs. novice PAs working in the emergency department of hospitals.  When descriptive statistics were run there were some violations to the assumptions for running parametric tests.  The total mean insertion time for both groups was 32.1 seconds and the SD was 2.3.  After running the correct non-parametric test, there was a z score of 5 and a p value of 0.60.  What does this result indicate?

A researcher wants to determine if there is a difference in mean insertion times for a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or king airway (KA) by PAs that work in an emergency department. 100 subjects participated in the study.  Each subject performed insertion of the LMA and the KA.  If there was a normal distribution in the data (bell shaped curve) and there were equal variances, what inferential statistical test should be used?

Define Noncontingent Reinforcement

Define and describe Functional Communication Training

A(n) _____________ is a functional analysis format that compares one test condition against a control condition at a time, rather than evaluating multiple test conditions simultaneously.

 A(n) _____________ group contingency is one in which reinforcement is provided to all members of a group only if every individual within the group meets the specified criterion for behavior.

A(n) _____________ group contingency is one in which reinforcement is available to all members of a group, but each individual earns reinforcement based on their own performance, rather than the performance of others.

What do Iwata et al. (1994) say about the use of functional analysis procedures in their article “Toward a functional analysis of self injury?”