THIS IS AN OPTIONAL BONUS QUESTION WORTH UP TO 2 EXTRA-CREDIT POINTS! Early neurophysiologists noticed that unmyelinated neurons have a much greater requirement for ATP than myelinated neurons, even if those neurons are the same size, have the same diameter and length of axon, and are stimulated to the same extent.  Can you offer a valid explanation why?  Make sure to explain in as much detail as you can muster. Type your answer into the text box below and use complete sentences and proper grammar and capitalization.  

Which of these neuron types is MOST likely to be myelinated?

The tension produced by a skeletal muscle can be increased or decreased on demand by the process of calcium-induced calcium release.

Use the pull-down menus below to insert the best terms that make the following sentences true. When the signal molecule [blank1] binds to [blank2] receptors on a skeletal muscle, these receptors will open.  At that point, [blank3] will influx into the muscle cell and [blank4] will efflux from the muscle cell.  This pattern of ion movement is not balanced, so it always leads to [blank5] of the muscle cell membrane, which is called a(n) [blank6].  

This question is another SHORT ESSAY. As mentioned above, there won’t be any drawings to upload for this exam.  So, to demonstrate your understanding of how a skeletal muscle cell works, you will craft a short essay of somewhere between 8-12 complete sentences (again, just a suggestion).  Make sure to also use proper grammar, punctuation, and capitalization at all times. In the space provided below, start your story with a somatic motor neuron releasing its neurotransmitter and briefly describe all the steps that eventually lead to that skeletal muscle cell contracting. You MUST use at least the following 10 terms or phrases correctly AND NOT SKIP ANY OTHER MAJOR DETAILS in your essay to get full points, so you may want to write them down on a separate piece of paper and check them off as you go.  The terms below are meant only to give you a framework to sculpt your complete essay.  You may also want to organize these terms into a process map before you start that will help guide your essay.  You can certainly mention other important terms and phrases to make sure you tell a complete story.  PLEASE underline these terms as you use them in your essay. Motor end plate Sarcolemma Actin Dihydropyridine sensor/receptor Troponin ADP Myosin ATP Action potential Inorganic phosphate  

For each change in organ function described below on the left, use the pull-down menu to indicate if you would expect to see that change when the body is in a SYMPATHETIC or a PARASYMPATHETIC state:

When neurons produce and release this neurocrine, that signal molecule will stimulate increased blood flow to those specific neurons.

These glial cells form the walls of the ventricles and also produce cerebrospinal fluid in specific locations.

Which of the following is the medical term for a white blood cell?

These cells can myelinate more than one neuron at a given time. Type the best answer into the text box below:.