According to the authors,          is a method of applying scientific knowledge to practical purposes in a particular field.

Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as:​

​The Auburn System focused on a congregate system of operations.

​For most of U.S. history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from acts of the:

​Correctional practices and processes all affect one another because offenders pass through in a kind of assembly line with return loops.

​How was the existing system of justice altered during the Enlightenment?

​The response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the             century.

​According to the authors, corrections has a(n)              relationship with its environment.

​Your authors divide some of the controversies, issues, and themes that arise in the study of corrections into three main areas: upholding social values, ________________, and ____________________.

​During the colonial period most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from ___________ and adapted to local conditions.