There must be a taking and a confinement for a kidnapping to occur.

An officer must knock and announce themself before entering a person’s home to execute a warrant unless

Which of the following best describes the test used to determine whether a person is in “custody” for Miranda purposes?

The Fourth Amendment does not apply to a prisoner’s cell.

These searches require less than probable cause or a warrant because they are to protect the health and welfare of the public. 

A geofence search involves tracking an individual’s phone for an exact location at a specific time.

A police officer may search any area of a car where there is probable cause to believe contraband exists. 

Any person who acts on the government’s behalf is subject to the constraints of the Constitution.

The Supreme Court has held that shaming is an unconstitutional form of punishment.

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court hold that the government’s installation of a GPS device on a target’s vehicle, and its use of that device to monitor the vehicle’s movements, constitutes a “search” under the Fourth Amendment?