A 15-year-old girl presents to the Emergency Department accompanied by her parents and reports a 3-day history of progressive weakness. She began feeling weak after walking home from school and attributed this to intermittent diarrhea for several days. She became very worried when she could not stand up after waking this morning and called for help. Physical exam reveals 1/5 strength in lower extremities, 3/5 in upper extremities, and diffuse decreased sensation to light touch and pin prick. Patellar and ankle reflexes are absent. Which of the following CSF findings would you expect after performing lumbar puncture?

Which of the following antiepileptic drugs is most commonly recommended as first-line treatment of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE)?

As a PA student during your Family Medicine rotation, you are asked to evaluate a 38-year-old patient who presents complaining of several recent intermittent episodes of sudden onset focal muscle jerking affecting her right lower extremity and then spreading to her right upper extremity. The episodes generally last for 30-60 seconds. The patient states that she has been fully conscious during each episode, and that she has never had prior similar symptoms. Based on this information, which of the following types of seizures is most likely occurring in this patient?

A 6-year-old boy presents to the pediatric Emergency Department for evaluation of lethargy, nausea, and vomiting. PMH is unremarkable. Physical examination is notable for papilledema and right-sided dysmetria (abnormal coordination of movements). An MRI brain with and without contrast demonstrates a cerebellar cystic mass, and pathology report indicates pilocystic astrocytoma (Grade 1). Based on your understanding of the grading system of astrocytoma tumors, which of the following statements is correct?

A 10-year-old boy is referred to you for being fidgety at school, though he achieves good grades. Prior medical history is unremarkable, and there has been no recent illness. Routine laboratory testing, including antistreptolysin O titer and throat culture, are normal. The father reports that he had a similar history as a child. While speaking with the patient, you notice that he clears his throat several times per minute. Examination is otherwise normal, except for the presence of brief, repetitive movements of the face, neck, and shoulders while at rest (e.g., facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, eye blinking). Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

Which of the following statements best describes a complex focal seizure (Focal seizure with impaired awareness)?

When evaluating acute ischemic stroke with CT perfusion imaging, the area known as the penumbra is defined as the ischemic area of the brain which may be salvaged by intervention (e.g., thrombolysis or clot retrieval).

A 64-year-old male with hypertension presents with sudden onset of right eye blindness while shaving this morning. He describes a “curtain falling over my right eye,” which cleared spontaneously after 10 minutes. He had no other concurrent neurologic symptoms and no prior episodes of similar description. His general examination reveals a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg, but it is otherwise unremarkable. Neurologic exam is normal. Which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis?

A 48-year-old female patient has sustained a head injury in after falling off a porch and has an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 [E4, V4, M6]. How would you interpret this GCS score?

The nurse is caring for a client who just arrived to the ED with signs and symptoms of severe hypervolemia. Which of the following interventions will the nurse complete first?