The bombardier beetle (Stenaptinus insignis) deters predators by releasing boiling hot fluid from its abdomen. This is an example of

Per capita benefit is the amount of resources

A species has been transplanted to a region of the world where historically it did not exist. It spreads rapidly and harms native species. This is known as a(n)

The equation C < B × r describes conditions under which a(n) _____ behavior will _____ in the population.

If the geographic range of a population is decreased, the

According to the handicap principle, in an honest signal the perceived advantage linked to the disadvantageous trait is

Which reflects negative density dependence?I. A fungus infects and kills plants at a higher rate when they are abundant than when they are rare.II. A group of birds has a higher per capita survival rate when it is large than when it is small.III. A large population of deer exhausts local food supplies and has a high risk of death; a small population has plentiful food and low risk of death.

An example of a top down effect in a community would be:

A type _____ functional response occurs when a predator’s rate of prey consumption increases linearly with increasing prey and then satiates.

In the wattled jacana (Jacana jacana), a species of tropical wading bird, all brood care is performed by males. Females protect nests and defend territory. Females sometimes attack and kill chicks cared for by a male. The male then fertilizes the female attacker and cares for the resulting young. This type of social interaction is an example of