In Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions, c represents the

Some marine snails (species L) produce large numbers of small eggs that are shed into the sea, hatch at an early stage of development, and feed on microscopic plants. Other marine snails (species S) produce few eggs that are retained for a long time within the body of the mother snail in a brood pouch, hatch at an advanced stage of development, and immediately begin to feed on the surfaces of large plants like the adults. A biologist discovers approximately equal numbers of adults of species L and S in the same area over many generations. While studying the two species of snails, the biologist hypothesizes that the two species expend approximately the same amount of energy producing young. What assumption is the biologist making?

Which of the following is NOT a genetic mechanism for sex determination?

Which of the following traits would NOT be considered a material benefit for females that prefer a particular trait?

Which reflects density-independent population regulation?I. a winter storm that kills birds with equal probability regardless of bird abundanceII. a drought that kills a higher proportion of plants when there are many plants and a smaller proportion when there are fewer plantsIII. a lethal disease that is more easily transmitted when animals are found in high abundance than in low abundance

This table shows fitness data for 2 years in a population of kingfishers. Calculate the total inclusive fitness of the primary helper, secondary helper, and delayer for both years.  Remember, no kingfisher reproduces its first year. They can either help family (primary helper), help unrelated individuals (secondary helper) or wait until their second year without helping anyone (delayers). Which strategy would be favored?   Year 1 Year 2 Male role B1 r1 B2 r2 Psm Primary helper 1.5 0.33 2.3 0.5 0.33 Secondary helper 1.1 0.00 2.3 0.5 0.65 Delayer 0.0 0.00 2.3 0.5 0.15 Inclusive fitness primary helpers: [ph] Inclusive fitness secondary helpers [sh] Inclusive fitness delayers: [d] Strategy favored [strat] Numerical answers with two decimals.  Strategy: “primary”, “secondary” or “delayer”

Fecundity is the

In Lotka-Volterra models, a population is stable when its rate of change is

The logistic growth model describes a maximum population size that is

In a general sense, the value of any asset is the