Researchers studying reinforced concrete have considered a mechanical explanation of Vs to be the Holy Grail.

Determine the transverse reinforcement index, Ktr, for a rectangular beam with b = 17 in. and d = 23 in., five galvanized No. 9 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 40 stirrups located every 6 in. along the span. Assume 7,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 2 in.

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Bond stress values do not vary from point to point between cracks.

Use ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2 to determine the development length for the straight tension bars (no hooks) in a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 22 in., four uncoated No. 9 Grade 60 bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 60 stirrups located every 10 in. along the span. Assume 4,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 2 in.

Stirrups do not preventing inclined cracks from forming.

The easiest way to test the bond strength of bars in a laboratory is by the pull-out test.

Assuming Vs does not exceed 4sqrt(f’c)bwd, the maximum spacing for vertical stirrups in the following beam is _____. Let b1 = 31 in., b2 = 15 in., d1 = 4 in., and d2 = 53 in. There are three No. 7 longitudinal tension bars and No. 5 stirrups at 10 in. o.c.

Development length is the shortest length of bar in which the bar stress can increase from zero to the yield stress.

Determine the transverse reinforcement index, Ktr, for a rectangular beam with b = 17 in. and d = 23 in., five galvanized No. 9 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 40 stirrups located every 6 in. along the span. Assume 7,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 2 in.