Experts usually cite      as reasons wrongful convictions occur.​

​The new industrialism brought about a shift from penal to economic considerations as the basis for punishment.

​As a social institution, corrections reflects the vision and concerns of the:

​A common concern shared by both liberal and conservative politicians is that:

​Corrections is a means of social:

​A house of _________________________ was a detention facility that combined the major elements of a workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the inmates and setting them to work.

​Approximately             of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole.

​Major efforts began by the start of the 19th century in both Europe and the United States to devise a more severe penal sanction that focused completely on the body, rather than the mind of the offender.

​Under the law of retaliation, lex talionis, vengeance was a duty to be carried out by the person wronged or by a family member of the victim.

​The period known as “the Enlightenment” brought about new ideas based on rationalization, the importance of individuals, and the limitations of government.