*BONUS*Compare (what is the same) and contrast (what is different) the production of ATP in chloroplasts and mitochondria. (max 5 points)

The purpose of a test cross is to determine

Which of the following best describes the intended message of Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks?

What kinds of cell signaling receptor(s) would be negatively affected by low levels of ATP, and how?

Imagine that we are ancients and we know that the earth is spherical because we have observed its shadow on the moon. In addition, we know that the earth rotates about its own axis because of the fact that we see day and night and the stars moving in circles around Polaris. Af- ter walking a distance of 100 km toward the north pole, we notice that the pole star is 1 degree higher in the sky. What is the circumference of our earth?

Which of the following is true regarding crossing over?

If a gene codes for a trait, then alleles _______.

A star is located 40◦ away from Polaris. What is its declination?

List each organ or the urinary system and briefly describe their functions.

Identify and describe the operation of the three major chemical buffers of the body.