What is the peak intensity if the BNR was 5:1 and the average intensity 2.0 W/cm2?

Which of the following changes would be BEST to increase comfort of a muscle contraction during NMES?

In general, the equivalent of how many total layers of toweling would be used when applying a hot pack?

What should the water temperature be for a warm to hot whirlpool?

Which of the following is CORRECT about sensation assessment?

Whirlpool for non-selective debridement would be indicated for which type of wound?

Why was the occipital halter for cervical traction designed?

CASE #1         A 33-year-old, male, insurance agent sprained his lower back while playing tennis 3 days ago.  He has complaints  of low back pain and stiffness.  He has spasms in the bilateral lumbar area and decreased trunk flexion range of motion.  He missed one day of work and is now working full-time but with complaints of increased pain at the end of the day.   His past medical history is unremarkable.      Which modality do you think would be the best for this person?

Fluidotherapy would be used to accomplish which of the following goals?

A physical therapist has written a plan of care for a patient that includes a hot pack.  The physical therapist performed light touch sensation assessment and found it to be decreased on the initial evaluation.  What is the MOST appropriate action for the PTA to take with the patient’s treatment?