A 55-year-old female patient arrives at the emergency department. She is in a nonrebreather and is unresponsive. A chest radiograph reveals ground-glass appearance. She is 50 kg. The physician asks for the recommended initial ventilator settings.  

Factors that contribute to ventilator dependence include which of the following? I. oxygenation problems II. cardiovascular problems III. neurologic problems IV. poor nutrition

The following data are collected from a patient receiving volume-controlled ventilation: PEEP LEVEL PaO2 PVO2 VT 6 cm H2O 64 torr 35 torr 600 mL 8 cm H2O 70 torr 38 torr 600 mL 10 cm H2O 75 torr 43 torr 600 mL 12 cm H2O 80 torr 34 torr 600 mL Which of the following represents optimal PEEP?

The therapist is about to establish bilevel NPPV on a patient who has COPD and has a spontaneous respiratory rate of 14 breaths/minute. Which of the following initial ventilator settings are appropriate for this patient? I. Adjust the sensitivity setting to enable pressure triggering. II. Set an IPAP of 12 cm H2O and an EPAP of 6 cm H2O. III. Institute a backup respiratory rate of 16 breaths/minute. IV. Initiate a PPEP of 10 cm H2O.

A 44-year-old male patient is being mechanically ventilated with a volume-cycled ventilator. The respiratory therapist observes that there is insufficient time for the patient to exhale completely. The therapist should

A patient with congestive heart failure has severe hypoxemia and dyspnea while using a non-rebreather mask. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for the therapist to institute at this time? I. pressure support ventilation with PEEP II. mask CPAP III. nebulized morphine IV. PRVC

A patient with ARDS is receiving mechanical ventilation with PEEP. The PEEP level is increased from 5 to 10 cm H2O. Which of the following should be monitored by the respiratory therapist to evaluate the patient’s response?

The respiratory therapist reviews the ventilator parament sheet for a patient receiving mechanical ventilation. The peak and plateau pressure reading are as follows:Time7:00 AM8:00 AM9:00 AM10:00 AM11:00 AMPeak Pressurecm H2O3336424854Plateau Pressurecm H2O2832364348Based upon this information, the therapist should conclude that

A 44-year-old, 5′ 9″ tall male patient weighing 85kg (187 lbs) is being mechanically ventilated. An arterial blood gas has been obtained. Ventilatory data and blood gas results are below:Mode: Assist/ControlFIO2: 40%Mandatory Rate: 10Total Rate: 10Vt: 650 mLPEEP: 5 cm H2OMechanical VD: 100 mLBlood GassesPH: 7.28PaCO2: 74 torrPaO2: 57 torrSaO2: 86%HCO3-: 23 mEq/LBE: 0 mEq/LWhich of the following changes should be recommended at this time?

The RT performs a patient-ventilator system check on a 24-year-old, 5-foot, 10-inch male patient who has been intubated because of a drug overdose. The RT notices what appears to be swelling around the patient’s upper anterior chest and neck area. Palpation elicits a tissue paper feeling. The ventilator settings are: PC-CMV, rate 12/min with no patient assist, Peak 25 cm H2O, PEEP 5 cm H2O, FIO2 0.4, TI 1.2 s. The most appropriate action for the RT to take is which of the following?