​Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the:

​Most prisons employ a             model.

​Eastern State Penitentiary followed the concept of a radial design to house inmates.

​Some prisons are operated under the direction of:

Racist               have become part of the inmate code and are sometimes forced upon inmates merely by association.​

​Those on probation tend to be low-level offenders.

Adaptive roles help inmates cope with prison and survive behind bars.​

Most prison violence in America occurs between officers and inmates. ​

​All state prisons test new inmates for HIV.

​The 1960s and ’70s reflected the dominance of the rehabilitative model toward inmates.