Nash is fed up with hearing his friends brag about the tricks their dogs can do, so he decides to train Indigo, his hyacinth macaw, how to shoot a basketball, using a bird-size ball and hoop. He starts out by giving Indigo a treat for touching the ball with its beak. When Indigo reliably touches the ball, Nash begins reinforcing Indigo for picking the ball up in its beak, and, behavior by behavior, eventually trains Indigo to shoot hoops. Nash is using ____.

Pedro was having dinner at his favorite Chinese restaurant when he took a sip of scalding hot wonton soup and burned his tongue. As a result of this injury, Pedro is most likely to experience ____.

Shera was five years old when she was bitten by a dog, which made her fearful of dogs until her early teens, when she got used to being around the dogs of a several friends. Years later, when a man with a dog moved in next door, Shera temporarily again became afraid of all dogs. This is an example of ____.

The simplest type of learning seen in living things is ____.

When Cheryl looks across the room, she sees part of her husband, but the couch is in front of him, obscuring her view of his legs. Cheryl understands that this means that her husband is more distant from her than the couch is. Cheryl is using the depth cue of ____.

Aversion therapy to treat alcoholism is ____.

Your motivation to study hard in school in order to get good grades and prepare for a career would be best explained by ____.

When reinforcement for a behavior is withheld, an extinction burst is common. This extinction burst is a(n) ____.

When we are presented with a new stimulus that repeats itself, at first we would exhibit ____, and then after a while we would exhibit ____.

Which progression represents the correct pathway for visual information?