A nurse assesses a patient who is experiencing an acid–base imbalance. The patient’s arterial blood gas values are pH 7.32, PaCO2 38 mm Hg, and HCO3- 19 mEq/L. Which assessment would the nurse perform first?

Your patient is complaining of a rapid heartbeat. Where would you take the popliteal pulse to check heart rate?

Your patient is unsure about the date of conception for their pregnancy. What imaging modality would you use to visualize the embryo or fetus?

What kind of tissue lines the esophagus?

The great cardiac vein drains the blood from the ventricles of the heart. Which artery runs alongside the great cardiac vein?

A rose gardener pricked themselves with a contaminated thorn. A subcutaneous fungal infection characterized by necrotic lesions followed this direct inoculation of fungal spores into the skin. The most likely agent causing the infection is:

A previously healthy, immunocompetent 35-year-old patient living in Ohio presented to the emergency room with a chronic cough. In addition to the cough, they had several painless subcutaneous nodules. They had no travel history outside of Ohio. Microscopic examination of the tissue showed broad-based budding yeast. The most likely agent causing the infection is:

Provide 3 mechanisms that fungi use to gain resistance to antifungals. Briefly explain each.

Opportunistic mycoses have increased significantly over the last 3 decades. This has created a challenge to both the laboratorian and the physician in the determination of the clinical significance upon isolation of opportunistic fungi in clinical specimens.   1. List 4 different/diverse factors that have led to the increase in opportunistic mycoses. (4 pts)   2. Which of the discussed opportunistic fungi creates the most challenges in healthcare today? Explain your choice. (3 pts)

Modes of action for antifungal agents include: inhibitors of cell walls/cell membranes, and protein and nucleic acid synthesis; and direct membrane damage. Which of the following is a mismatch between the antifungal agent and its mode of action?