Additional duties of the lawyer when representing both client and payor include an oral consent from both parties.

A lawyer cannot obtain an advance consent to incompetent representation.

Hunniecutt v State Bar (1988) 44 Cal. 3d 362, 370-71 holds the following: When an attorney enters into a transaction with a former client regarding a fund which resulted from the attorney’s representation, it is unreasonable to examine the relationship between the parties for indications of special trust resulting therefrom.

Koilocytes observed in the Pap smear test of the cervix of patients infected with certain strains of _______ virus.

A communication is false or misleading if it contains a material misrepresentation of a fact or law, or omits a fact necessary to make the communication considered as a whole not materially misleading.

When a lawyer-client relationship ends, the lawyer owes two duties to the former client. One, he/she/they may not do anything that will injuriously affect the former client in any matter in which the lawyer represented the former client. Secondly, the lawyer may not use former client knowledge or information he/she/they learned from the previous relationship.

For purposes of Rule 4.2, Rules of Professional Conduct, Communication with a Represented Person, “Managing agent” means an employee, member, agent, or other constituent of an organization with substantial discretionary authority over decisions that determine organizational policy.

California attorneys owe a duty to maintain client confidences, even at peril to themselves. 

In representing a client, a lawyer shall use any means that has a substantial purpose to delay or prolong the legal proceeding, thus incurring additional expense which will benefit the lawyer and the lawyer’s firm.

“Member” means a member of the State Bar of California.