1) Name the layers of the meninges from superficial to deep.  2) Consider the meninges in the brain.  Which dural folds surround the pituitary gland? 3) If the pituitary gland developed an adenocarcinoma, what surrounded structures may be impacted?  List several.

True or false.  An anal fistula can introduce infection to the perianal skin.

1) Refer to the image above.  Name the artery that supplies the region “A.” 2) From where does this artery come from?

1) What is the term for a genotype of 46 XY that displays a female phenotype? 2) In this condition, serum testosterone level may be elevated above that found in a male phenotype.  Why is this?

A bulging fontanelle on infant may indicate an issue with cerebrospinal fluid.  1) Describe the normal movement of this fluid.   2) How might you tell the difference between encephalitis AND hydrocephaly.

A woman is giving birth.  During each contraction, the fetus’s head begins to move into the birth canal, but then moves back towards the cervix.  After 50 minutes of this, the fetus begins to experience distress.  The physician decides to perform an episiotomy.   1) What is this procedure?  Why is it done? 2) What structure(s) are typically targeted? 3) Would the inferior cluneal nerve be impacted? 4) What nerve block would help with pain suppression?  Be specific.

Name the structure “A.” [A] Name the structure “B.” [B] What is the function of “B.” [C]

A patient presents with anosmia.  1) Define anosmia. 2) If a person experiences trauma to the face, they may experience anosmia.  What OTHER signs may be present to let the person know they have an issue?   3) Would the area of Kiesselbach be involved?

A 62-year-old woman visited her ophthalmologist for her annual examination.  The examination showed some peripheral visual field defects, and morphologic changes of the optic disc and retina.  The patient’s ciliary processes were enlarged and displayed increased metabolic activity.   1) What condition are you suspecting? 2) What is the normal function of the ciliary processes and how might that impact the peripheral visual field and retina? 3) How might this be treated?

BONUS: Describe for me a concept you studied but did not have a question on.  You must describe this in order to earn points.  A one word response will not work.