The implicit contract theory supports the “last-hired, first-fired” rule because, according to this theory, ________.    

Contract costs for retiree benefits increases in retirement and health care provided in earlier contracts are known as _______ costs.

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that if management rejects a union’s proposal on grounds of inability to pay, ________________.

Which season(s) have days with the shortest average daylight? 

Which season(s) have days with the longest average daylight? 

Consider the following data points and their class labels: [P1: (2, 3, 4), A], [P2: (8, 3, 4), B], [P3: (8, 4, 1), B], [P4: (6, 4, 1), A], [P5, (2, 3, 1), A]. We want to use the distance weighted 3-NN classification with this data.  Each point at a distance of d has a vote of (1/d) for predicting thee class label.   (a) (8) For the query point (5, 4, 4) find and report the data points in its 3-nearest-neighbor list, their weights for decision, and the class label that should be assigned to this query point.     (b) (6) What is gained and what is lost when we increase the value of K in a K-NN classifier?

(10) Consider the context of selecting the best attribute for decision tree construction. Explain briefly the difference between “information gain” and “gini ratio” metrics for selecting the best attributes. Do not write any formulas. Explain in a language only. 

I want to create an ensemble of seven decision trees, using bagging, for a training dataset.  (a) (8) Write briefly the steps you will use to generate this ensemble.   (b) (4) Why do you think an ensemble generally works better than a single decision tree?

Discuss whether or not each of the following activitiy is a data miningtask.   Monitoring the heart rate of a patient for abnormalities.

Consider the following three data vectors. D1: (5, 6, 7, 9), D2:(6, 9, 10, 14), and D3: (4, 6, 2, 3). (a) (3) What are the Manhattan distances for the data-point pairs: D1-D2: D1-D3: D2-D3: (b) (5) What are the cosine similarities for the data-point pairs: D1-D2: D1-D3: D2-D3: (c) (2) Which two pints are the closest as per the Manhattan distance?   (d) (2) Which two points are the closest as per the Cosine similarity?