You have the following known facts: Smoking causes accumulation of materials in the lungs, thereby decreasing oxygen-absorbing capability of the lungs. Long-term smoking causes more accumulation of materials in the lungs. Decreased lung capacity increases the workload of the heart. Which of the following hypotheses can you make from these observations?

Studies described in the textbook involving coffee drinking have shown evidence for all of the following EXCEPT

I notice that all the students in my class seem very drowsy 45 minutes into my class period. Knowing that it could not possibly be my lecture putting them to sleep, I consider other factors such as the fact that my class is at 5 p.m. and the sun is usually setting at that time of the day, which I think may make people drowsy. What type of evidence am I collecting in making this observation?

Which of the following substances has the lowest pH?

The chemical behavior of an atom is most determined by

Substances that do not dissolve in water such as lipids are

An appropriately responsive environment:

____________________ practices celebrate family uniqueness, encompassing ethnic, linguistic, and racial differences.

In the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, the courts found that segregated schools violated the ____________________ amendment to the Constitution.

Parent co-operative preschool programs often require parents to ____________________ a specified number of hours.