The fundamental mechanisms that maintain homeostasis always involve negative and positive feedback loops.  Homeostasis is key to cellular survival, tissue survival, organ survival, system survival and human survival.  Balance mechanisms from the atomic level up always involve alterations in balance, equilibrium, and gradient flow.  Receptors, integration centers, and effectors maintain this balance and allow us to be live and be human.  How wonderful!  True.  This is the end of Anatomy and Physiology I.  Thank you for being a wonderful class and adapting to the changes experienced in this course.  Please enjoy your summer and take the necessary precautions for staying safe and healthy.  Dr. Clevenstine

The tendency of substances to diffuse between two solutions allows for movement to occur ________ the ________ gradient.

The limbic system has projections to the thalamus and cerebral cortex that play a central role in states of consciousness like alertness and sleep.

Organic molecules are a type of molecule found in living systems.  They are composed of carbon atoms in rings or long chains, to which are attached other atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.  Which category of organic molecule is not essential in the human body.

For someone who learns sign language as a child, [10] comes relatively quickly, but for those who begin learning as adults, the process will take much longer and is not always successful.

Lateralization of the cerebral hemispheres is a theory that people are either left-brained or right-brained, meaning that one side of their brain is dominant. If you’re mostly analytical and methodical in your thinking, you’re said to be left-brained. If you tend to be more creative or artistic, you’re thought to be right-brained.

This structure of the brain is responsible for the perception of emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness, as well as the controlling of aggression.  It helps to store memories of events and emotions so that an individual may be able to recognize similar events in the future. What is the name of this structure?

While studying for this exam at home, you get sleepy and doze off for a few minutes.  You awaken with a start and realize the sounds of activity in your home have just “come back.”  While you were dozing, this auditory input was blocked from reaching your auditory cortex by

The reticular system is the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses, especially when it comes to behaviours we need for survival: feeding, reproduction and caring for our young, and fight or flight responses.

Why do muscles fatigue?