​Which important sociological scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, and actually help to define norms and expectations for conformity?

​A(n) _________________ is a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment in which they function.

​In Rhodes v. Chapman, the court required inmates to prove Eighth Amendment violations through showing the punishment was unnecessary.

​ When convicted of a crime, an offender loses all constitutional rights and liberties.

​According to the text, every aspect of the corrections field raises questions that concern deeply held values about:

​Which of the following is NOT one of the “Big 4” states in corrections?

Interdependence between staff and offenders is considered a(n) ______________ relationship:

​Another name for the medieval practice of banishment is “relocation.”

​The interdependence of people in corrections makes the concept of ______________ important to understanding their daily world.

​One of the major reasons England and Europe resorted to sending offenders to the “New World” was that their prisons and houses of corrections were overcrowded.