Answer a total 5 short answer questions. You may select any number of questions presented in Set 1 (question 57) and Set 2 (question 58) to total 5 responses (e.g. you may answer 5 questions from Set 1 and 0 from Set 2; you may answer 2 questions from Set 1 and 3 questions from Set 2, etc.). Make sure to indicate the question you are answering by number (SA#). Do not answer more than 5 questions total as only the first 5 will be graded. This section is worth 5pts total; 1pt per question.

What is one argument for limiting the field of Resurrection Biology?

Which phylum was cephalization and bilateral symmetry first observed?

Question 5 Compare the test statistic with the critical value at α=0.05 (1 degree of freedom=3.84) and state whether you can reject the null hypothesis.

A study looked at whether higher chocolate consumption predicts higher body mass in humans.  They fitted the data using a linear regression having chocolate consumption (number of times consumed per week) as the explanatory variable and the body mass index (BMI) as the response variable.  The slope of the regression line was -0.092, with a standard error of 0.025 and p-value of 0.009.  What conclusion would you draw from these results?

Skeletal and cardiac muscle are both types of striated muscle. You have been given one type of each sample, but the identifying labels have come off. You know that these muscles have some similarities and some differences in terms of their rate of depolarization, rate of repolarization, and length of action potential.  Answer the following questions as they relate to the muscle depicted in sample B. 1. Identify the muscle type. 2. Are there special types of calcium channels associated with this muscle type? If so, identify the calcium channels. 3. Calcium channels are responsible for distinct refractory periods. What is the name of the refractory period for this muscle type?

Where does the electron transport chain occur in bacteria?

Use the study data outlined below to answer the next 5 questions. A study of people with and without multiple sclerosis (MS) was used to test the idea that the disease is caused by blood flow restriction resulting from a vein condition known as chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI).  Of 39 randomly sampled patients with MS, 25 were found to have CCSVI and 14 were not.  Of 26 healthy control subjects, 14 were found to have CCSVI and 12 were not.

Provide a definition of an imperfect and an incomplete flower. (0.5pts each)

Question 4 Use the appropriate test to calculate the test statistic (Formula page provided at the start of the Experimental Biology & Biostatistics exam module)