​The founder of the Classical School of Criminology is Cesare Beccaria, who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system.

​For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment?

​According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the key issues facing corrections today?

​The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society?

​Until the late Middle Ages, prisons were used primarily for the detention of people awaiting trial.

​The following is an example of corporal punishment:

​The practice of removing offenders from the community to another land was known as:

​             was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment.

Restorative justice sees crime as a violation against which of the following?​

​Some lower courts have upheld rules in conflict with the           Amendment protections because they were the least restrictive method of dealing with an institutional problem.