This theory believes that children progress through stages of psychosexual development and must master a task in the appropriate time frame. Children’s behavior and sense of self are shaped by the ego’s ability to regulate the id and superego.
Read DetailsThis theory maintains that cultural and cognitive factors shape behaviors. For example, parents can teach a child through scaffolding and understanding the zone of proximal development (e.g. giving them enough support to master tasks and then gradually withdrawing oversight so they can become independent and self-sufficient over time).
Read DetailsThis theory believes that at each stage of life, children and adults must accomplish a major task in order to progress in their development. For example, the first stage is trust versus mistrust. Once this stage is complete, the individual progresses through the following stages: autonomy versus shame/doubt; initiative versus guilt; industry versus inferiority; identity versus role confusion; intimacy versus isolation; generativity versus stagnation; and integrity versus despair.
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