If the population increases by 8% every year, how many years does it take for the population to double? Write ONLY your answer(s) in the box below. On your own paper, show all your work and justify your answer(s). You will be submitting the paper at the end of this test. 

Find the negation of the statement “Everyone needs to be tested for COVID-19.” 

In an election with 5 candidates, there is always a Condorcet winner.

Suppose the length of a baseball game is normally distributed with a mean of 150 minutes and a standard deviation of 30 minutes. Then, the z-score (z-value) of a game that lasts for 180 minutes is 

An association is voting on the type of food for their conference. The results are as follows:  # votes 12 10 8 5 1st choice Italian French Chinese Chinese 2nd choice French Italian French Italian 3rd choice Chinese Chinese Italian French (a) Which food wins by plurality? (3 pts.) (b) Which food wins by the Instant Runoff Voting? (4 pts.) (c) Is there a Condorcet winner? If so, identify it. (3 pts.) Write ONLY your answers in the box below. On your own paper, show all your work and justify your answers. You will be submitting the paper at the end of this test. Credit will not be given unless you show your work. 

Identify the correct pairing of an immunoglobulin and its property. 

Which complement pathway and related initiator can activate complement?

What type of antibodies would be found in the gamma region of a serum electrophoresis of a newborn patient? 

What is the purpose of immunizing laboratory animals with a chosen antigen in hybridoma technology?

Which cytokine might be given therapeutically to a patient with severe anemia?