Trent is sunbathing at the beach when he suddenly needs to use the restroom. He sees a nice-looking restroom near the boardwalk, but it is across the burning hot sand, and his brother took his sandals. He looks in the other direction and sees a smelly port-o-potty that takes a short walk in the grass to reach. Trent’s feet are still tender from walking on the hot sand earlier, so he walks the shorter distance across the grass to the port-a-potty and relieves himself there. Which of the following is functioning as an SDP in this scenario?

A child cries at bedtime and no longer is comforted by a parent. As a result, the child cries at bedtime less frequently in the following weeks. This is an example of a(n):

Fred typically loves earning peanuts for completing assignments. Yesterday, however, Fred got braces. His teeth are throbbing, and he immediately stops completing his assignments for peanuts. What is the value-altering effect?

Jamarr is running late so he decides to cross the street before the crosswalk indicates it is safe to do so. A bicyclist speeds by and almost hits him. Jamarr does not try to cross the street before the crosswalk indicates it is safe to do so. What effect did the consequence have on future behavior?

A geography test shows students a picture of the country of Austria, with Austria and the names of three similarly shaped countries listed next to the image. Students must identify that Austria is the country depicted in the picture. This is an example of:

Nash’s mom usually takes away his gaming system when he is in trouble at school. If he gets into trouble he cannot play games with friends. Nash and his friends sometimes drink, even though they are underage. Nash sees his friend Charles, who does not drink, and his friend Lara, who does, talking about the local carnival happening this weekend. Nash asks Lara for a beer, and they talk about what they want to do at the carnival this weekend. Nash sees his mom driving home and immediately drops the beer.  Which of the following functions as an SDP in this scenario?

A staff member sets a five-minute timer in the group home’s laundry room. The staff member gives Maggie a piece of candy for the first piece of clothing she folds after the timer goes off. This is an example of a: 

Betty enjoys ordering food from her favorite restaurant. The restaurant is open Tuesday through Saturday from 4:30 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. Betty cannot place an order if she calls the restaurant on a Monday at 5:00 p.m. Betty can place an order if she calls the restaurant on a Tuesday at 5:00 p.m. Betty’s phone home screen shows the date and time of Tuesday at 5:00 p.m. This is an example of what type of stimulus?

The teacher says, “Complete math problems 15 through 25 for homework.” Jill writes down, “Complete math problems 15 through 25 for homework” in her notebook. This is an example of a(n):

During recess, the principal provides social attention contingent on their students completing approximately 15 minutes of independent play. During lunchtime, the principal provides social attention for every 10 minutes their students conduct independent eating. This is an example of a: