Which of the following statements related to evolution is FALSE?

The echidna is an egg-laying mammal whose body is covered in quills for protection from predators.  The porcupine’s body also is covered in quills for protection, although porcupines are not closely related to echidnas. What is the best explanation for presence of quills in these two species?

HARDY-WEINBERG CALCULATIONS: In a population of gorillas, there are two alleles at a particular locus (G and g), and the frequency of the dominant G allele is 0.1.  What is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model? 

If the forelimb bones of penguins and whales are homologous structures but the adaptation of the limb to be used for swimming is analogous, then the most recent common ancestor of penguins and whales had:

EXTRA CREDIT: The scale of nature (Great Chain of Being) viewpoint, in which organisms were arranged by increasing complexity on a ladder-like hierarchy, was proposed by _____ (give the person’s name) in approximately 300 BCE.  Spell carefully.

What is a vestigial trait? Explain why the existence of vestigial traits is evidence for evolution via natural selection.

Mutation is the only mechanism of evolution that:

Imagine that, decades ago, a researcher studying a population of moths found that antennae length ranged from 4.6 mm to 7.8 mm, with an average length of 6.1 mm.  Today, you are studying the same population of moths and find that the average antenna length is 6.1 mm, with a range of 5.2 mm to 6.7 mm.  Which statement best explains your results?

FILL-IN: The scientific name for a lion is “panthera leo”.  Applying the correct conventions of binomial nomenclature, write “panthera leo” in the proper scientific format.  Type carefully and clearly indicate any special formatting required.

The solving of a conflict between two or more individuals is called