One (1) calorie of energy equals 4.184 joules of energy.

Which one of the following vitamins functions as an essential component of Coenzyme NADH?(A) Vitamin B3(B) Vitamin B4(C) Vitamin B6(D) Vitamin B9 (E) Vitamin B12

Energy is considered as one class of nutrients, and so are carbohydrates.

A healthy human can lose 15% of body water and is still healthy but cannot afford to lose 20% of his/her body water.

Bioenergetics is a study of energy transformation in the biological systems, which include the process(es) of _________________ inside an animal body.(A) Energy intake, (B) Energy release(C) Energy transfer(D) Energy usage(E) Energy storage in the body(F) Energy excretion(G) All of A through F(H) All of A through E

Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by the alpha-cells in the pancreas. As is known, the function of glucagon in the liver include ________________________.(A) decreasing glycogen breakdown(B) increasing gluconeogenesis (C) decreasing fatty acid breakdown(D) decreasing the synthesis of ketone bodies (E) all B, C, and D above

After a complete oxidation outside of an animal body, 2 grams of fat can release approximately 8 to 8.5 kilocalories of gross energy.

As long as we provide enough dietary gross energy for lay hens, these chickens will be able to use all the metabolizable energy to produce eggs.  

If two feed ingredients have same amounts of Metabolizable Energy (ME), one of the following statements will correctly describe the relationship between these two ingredients. (A) The Net Energy for maintenance (NEm) and Net Energy for growth (NEp) will be the same between these two ingredients.(B) The Net Energy for maintenance (NEm) and Net Energy for growth (NEp) would be the same between these two ingredients only if both were fed to the pig. (C) An animal will get more energy for maintenance than for growth from these two ingredients.(D) An animal will get less energy for maintenance than for growth from these two ingredients.(E) Whether an animal will get more energy for NEm or more energy for NEp from one of the feed ingredients would depend on the species of animal that we are talking about.

Please describe the relationships between different energy systems used in animal nutrition study and practice?  [Hint: Remember the energy systems include GE, ME, etc. However, you need to describe them one by one and we should be able to see their relationships. You need to describe at least 2 types of NE.]