Antibody production is always highest during your first exposure to a pathogen, because on subsequent exposures, B- and T-cells will exist and they make antibodies less necessary for destroying the pathogen.

If filtration and absorption are perfectly in balance at a network of capillaries, but edema is occurring in the tissue, which of is the most likely explanation?

These cardiac cells have adrenergic receptors on their plasma membrane.

How are Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxic T-cells different?

Use the pull-down menus to insert best vocabulary term or phrase into the blanks to make the following sentences true: In the adaptive or acquired branch of your immune system, you have B cells and T cells.  When a particular clone is exposed to its specific pathogen, it will undergo rapid [blank1].  This process produces effector B-cells, called [blank2], that start to produce many antibodies that circulate in the blood.  Also, at least two kinds of effector T-cells are produced.  One type, called a [blank3], doesn’t generally combat pathogens directly, but rather stimulates and coordinates many other parts of a full-scale immune response.  Finally, if any [blank4] are produced, they will specifically release chemicals into infected cells to kill them and stop the spread of infection.

Study this figure carefully.  The letters shown are indicating time points on the graph to which they are closest.  Use the pull-down menus below it to insert the best terms to make the figure the caption true: This figure shows an action potential in a [blank1] cell of the heart.  At the section just below the “A”, [blank2] causes depolarization from -60 mV towards threshold.  At the point just to the right of the “B”, a rapid [blank3] is occurring and causes the depolarization phase of this action potential.  After these channels close, another set of channels will allow [blank4] during the phase to the left of the “C”, which triggers repolarization of the cell.

Use the pull-down menus to insert vocabulary terms into the blanks that best complete the following sentences: Cells of the immune system mature in [blank1] tissues.  For example, T-cells mature in the [blank2].  By contrast, mature immune cells live long-term and screen body fluids for pathogens in [blank3] tissues.  An example of this is the [blank4], which houses mature immune cells and monitors the blood for pathogens.

These pathogens can have either RNA or DNA as their core genetic material.

Which of the following is NOT a controllable factor in avoiding cardiovascular disease?

If hydrostatic pressure is greater than colloid osmotic pressure at a capillary bed, then __________ will occur.