After a complete oxidation outside of an animal body, 2 grams of protein can release approximately 11 to 12 kilocalories of gross energy.

Who was called the “Father of Modern Nutrition and Chemistry”?(A) Hypocrites (460–370 BC) (B) Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)(C) George Washington (1732-1799)(D) Albert Einstein (1879-1955)(E) Isaac Newton (1642-1726)(F) Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway takes place in mitochondria.

Following an abrupt increase in grain intake, soon after pasture grazing, a beef cattle can readily develop a condition called metabolic acidosis. Which acid is mainly responsible for this condition?(A)   Acetic acid(B)   Butyric acid(C)   Propionic acid(D)   Pyruvic acid(E)   Lactic acid

For fatty acids, when you increase its number of double bonds you will decrease its melting point.

After 4 canonical catabolic pathways, one glucose molecule can be totally oxidized to 6 CO2 molecules, and about 40% of its energy will be finally trapped in _______ ATP molecules. (A)    6 (B)  36(C)  28(D)  26(E)    8

Urea is an example of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and can contribute nitrogen for ruminal microorganisms to synthesize amino acids.

Bioenergetics is a study of energy transformation in the biological systems, which include the process(es) of _________________ inside an animal body. (A) Energy intake, (B) Energy release(C) Energy transfer(D) Energy usage(E) Energy storage in the body(F) Energy excretion(G) All of A through F(H) All of A through E

Which one of the following vitamins is not a water soluble vitamin?(A) Riboflavin(B) Vitamin B9(C) Niacin(D) Vitamin K (E) Choline

Different from fat soluble vitamins, water soluble vitamins can be metabolically excreted via both urine and feces.