In 1494 the Pope took what action with respect to Spain and Portugal and their clash over the New World?

Alexander Falconbridge, a slave ship surgeon, described the surgerings of slaves from shipboard infections and close quarters in the hold. Which of the following was NOT included as one of the horrors mentioned on slave boats?

In 1664 New Netherland colony became

What was the first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610?

The Quakers in Pennsylvania struggled with

Lord Baltimore’s hopes of a diverse Christian colony were thwarted because

The seventeenth century saw the establishment and solidification of the British North American colonies, but this process did not occur peacefully. Which of the following were NOT conflicts in the New England area during that time frame?

The idea of race as an inherited physical difference-used to support systems of oppression-was new in the early modern Atlantic world.

What was the most common means for colonists to acquire Native American slaves?

Captain Thomas Phillips was master of a slave ship in 1694. How did he justify his slave trade?