Choose the most correct answer: The microbial quality of food is determined by:

1. What is microbial succession? 2. Explain how the concept of microbial succession is linked to the sauerkraut experiment.

In our pGLO experiment, we saw bright glowing colonies under UV light. What ingredient was present in the media that the pGLO-transformed bacteria were plated on, to make the GFP gene be expressed?

In this class, we have looked at two different kinds of food preservation: milk and solid foods. Comparing the two, it can be said that the solid food preservation differs from the milk preservation as it is a controlled natural fermentation. Define this term in a sentence and describe the way(s) this is achieved in the preservation of solid food.

What is the significance of each step in bacteria transformation? CaCl2 in the transformation solution Incubation on ice for 10 minutes Heat shocking for 50 seconds at 42 degrees Celsius Incubation in LB prior to plating Answer in 1-2 sentences each

Inflammation is one of the first signs of damage or infection. Which cells do you expect to be the most numerous in a new inflammation?

T cells differ from B cells by expressing –

When same cytokine has different effects on cells that can be activating or inhibiting. For example, IL-10 can be inhibitory to macrophages and TH1 cells yet activating for TH2 cells and B cells. These type of cytokines are known as –

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane integral proteins containing –

In general, a signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of proteins –