Expectancy is a subjective probability ranging from:

Employees who feel a sense of _____ commitment tend to engage in more interpersonal and organizational citizenship behaviors, such as helping, sportsmanship, and boosterism.

Allan’s focus on concepts such as difficulty and specificity is a key aspect of:

Organizational commitment should decrease the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with _____ or _____.

From the information provided, Ralf can be described as having a high degree of _____ (see text above).

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Which of the following reflects employees’ feelings about their actual work tasks, including whether those tasks are challenging, interesting, respected, and make use of key skills rather than being dull, repetitive, and uncomfortable?

Due to time pressure and heavy workload, Dan has developed high blood pressure and started to show forgetfulness at work and home. These are examples of:

Which of the following is the motivating force with the strongest performance effect?

The following text is required for questions 12 & 13: Jess, Frank, and Ted are coworkers at Crossroad Inc. Having worked at CI for five years now, the three are discussing their career one day during lunch break when they heard Mary just quit and decided to work for a competitor. Frank remarks that it is not worthwhile for him to leave like Mary because he is so close to getting his big promotion. He has put in the time and hard work for this promotion. If he left for another company, he will not likely get this opportunity again. Ted replies to Frank that for him, it’s the CI’s relaxed atmosphere and his best friends at CI that keeps him working there. When they asked Jess about how he felt, Jess indicates that Mary had no bonds to CI. She was relatively new and had not invested any time at CI. “For me,” Jess says, “CI gave me an opportunity and invested so much in mentoring me, preparing me for the position, and showing me the ropes to success. There is no way that I can desert them by leaving for another company.”