A 65 yo man with a 40 pack year history of tobacco abuse undergoes a chest X-ray as part of an evaluation for cough, which suggests a right middle lobe nodule. He has no other significant complaints. A PET-CT reveals a 2 cm nodule, with no other evidence of disease. CT-guided needle biopsy reveals squamous cell carcinoma. The patient’s exam and pulmonary function testing is within normal limits. You inform the patient he has early stage non-small cell lung cancer. When you counsel the patient on treatment, which of the following statements regarding early stage non-small cell lung cancer is the most appropriate?

A 64 yo former Navy shipyard worker, presents with shortening breath and is noted to have a pleural based tumor. The tumor cells show the follow on electron microscopy and are Calretinin positive.  The most likely diagnosis is which of the following?

Which of the indicated tissues in this section of nasal cavity stained with H&E, is not normally present in the trachea, bronchi, or lungs? 

A 77 yo woman is referred to the UF Health Pulmonary Medicine Clinic for shortness of breath. It was first noticed about 6 months ago, but has worsened since then. PFT produced the following clinical data; Parameter                          Measured Value                               % Predicted ValueFVC                                        3.7 L                                                       65%FEV1                                      2.0 L                                                       60%FEV1/FVC                            54%                                                        58%  She is given Albuterol and the testing is repeated; the same data are observed once again. Based on these findings, which of the following best describes the clinical status of the patient?

A 36 y/o overweight man, following a crushing thigh injury, begins ambulating at home when he suddenly notes sudden shortness of breath. In the OR he is breathing rapidly and has a fast pulse. His blood gases show both decreased PaO2 and decreased PaCO2. The most likely diagnosis is which of the following?

A 60 yo man with bacterial endocarditis develops acute onset shortness of breath and hypoxemia. A chest x-ray is shown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 

What is the physiological dead space (anatomical plus alveolar) in a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a PACO2 of 60 mmHg and an expired PCO2 of 30 mmHg (mls)?

A 35 year old female who recently returned from a trip to Asia presets with a fever of 39˚C, chills, headache, rigors and has difficulty breathing. Given her travel history (there has recently been an outbreak of SARS in Asia), you take sputum and feces samples and send them off to the lab for testing. Your differential diagnosis includes influenza and SARS. For which of the following viruses that can cause respiratory illness could you expect to find infectious virus excreted in feces?

Vital capacity is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + _______.

Which of the following tests is NOT useful in the diagnostic assessment of respiratory fungal pathogen?