When animals are exposed to brief shock, their initial reaction is hyperactivity followed by hypoactivity. If a conditioned stimulus is paired with the shock, the results will be ______.

According to Spence, ______ is responsible for motivating behaviors that approach reward.

While trying to sleep, the people next door turn on some rock “n” roll stereo. At first you are annoyed and distracted but soon you start to relax. Then, just when you are about to go to sleep, a hip-hop song begins and you again become annoyed and distracted. This is an example of ______.

Which of the following statements describes the properties of the B state?

______ models are relatively flexible, while ______ tend to be inflexible.

George, after years of smoking cigarettes, finds it difficult to quit. Opponent process theory explains his difficulty by stating ______.

In drug addiction, the conditioned withdrawal reaction refers to ______.

Which of the following is an internal arousal produced by reward or stimuli associated with the reward?

In morphine conditioning, Siegel has shown that the ______.

When you place your hand on a hot stove you remove it after a period of time. Then when you are given some morphine, you place your hand on the hot stove and leave it on the stove longer than before. A tone is then given, you are given morphine and place your hand on the stove. What will occur?