PLEASE READ BEFORE STARTING: Even though it says that there are only are 23 questions on this exam there is actually a TOTAL of 62 questions.  Each question/image has either 2, 3 or 5 questions associated with it — SO make sure you READ each question carefully and answer ALL the questions on each image!  You have 45 minutes to complete this test. THIS IS A CLOSED BOOK/CLOSED NOTE TEST! The only time you may use your phone or tablet is as a timer OR to email me if you have questions about the exam or to notify me that you’re experiencing issues with Internet/Canvas/Proctorio.   My email address is agrygoruk@glendale.edu GOOD LUCK!!

Which of the following steps are not involved in the preparation of cells for fluorescence microscopy? (Select all that apply)

Which is an advantage of using viruses as a vector for gene therapy?

A researcher is performing PCR to amplify a sample of DNA. Unfortunately, he forgot to add dNTPs prior to starting the experiment. Briefly describe the results you expect he will observe and explain why you believe he will obtain these results. 

Which of these are not steps in a PCR reaction? (Select all that apply)

Mass spectrometry identifies molecules based on what?

Based on what you know about CRISPR-Cas9, mention a real-life scenario where it would be beneficial to use this technology. Why would it be useful? (Be brief, but specific)

The activity of an enzyme is analyzed and it is found to have a Km value of 2.551 mM and a Vmax value of 0.174 mM/min. An inhibitor is introduced to the system, and the activity of the enzyme is re-analyzed. In the presence of this inhibitor, the enzyme is found to have a KM value of 2.551 mM and a Vmax value of 0.133 mM/min.  Based on the observed change in the enzyme’s activity, what kind of inhibitor do you believe is present in the system and why?

During PCR in Next Gen Sequencing, one pair of primers is used to amplify all different sequences. 

In your own words, briefly describe the CRISPR-Cas9 technology.