A 72-year-old patient has a severely calcified aortic valve…
A 72-year-old patient has a severely calcified aortic valve that has become stiff, narrowed, and hard to open. The patient reports shortness of breath and fatigue during physical activity. Explain how the calcified aortic valve affects afterload, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Include in your answer: Define afterload and explain how high and low afterload individually affect stroke volume. (2 pts) Explain how the calcified and narrowed aortic valve affects afterload. (1 pt) Explain how stroke volume and cardiac output are affected in this situation. (1 pt)
Read DetailsAn 88 year old female arrives to hospital complaining of tac…
An 88 year old female arrives to hospital complaining of tachypnea, dizziness, orthopnea, elevated temperature and yellow sputum. Lung auscultation revealed crackles. CXR revealed fluid in the RUL confirming pneumonia. The MD has ordered a sputum C&S. Patient is to remain in the supine position as tolerated. Define in your own words the underlined words.
Read Details