White matter of the CNS is dominated by the presence of

Which of the following patients is most likely to have urge incontinence? Devon, a 40-year-old man with a history of multiple sclerosis

Which of the following examination findings should be expected in a patient with CKD? Auscultatory crackles

A patient is seen in the clinic with hematuria confirmed on microscopic examination. The clinician should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that might be the cause of hematuria? NSAIDs

Which of the following medications will reduce urinary excretion of nephrolithiasis-forming substances? Hydrochlorothiazide

An example of a first-line agent for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis is: Ciprofloxacin

A patient is seen in the clinic and diagnosed with stage I renal cancer. The provider should refer the patient to a nephrologist for initial treatment. Which of these treatments may the nephrologist suggest for the patient? Nephrectomy

All of the following are considered first line treatment to treat uncomplicated UTIs except: Clindamycin

In the eye, there are only cones (no rods) in the

A patient has chronic kidney disease (CKD), and their glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 33 mL/min per 1.73 m2 of body surface area (BSA). Which of the stages does this patient’s GFR fall under, as defined by the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey? Stage 3