Select all non-

Two-component histidine kinase regulatory system directly senses the presence of daptomycin outside of cells and responds by activating expression of MprF that adds lysines to phospholipids. This addition negatively charges the membrane; hence, it repels negatively charged daptomycin.

Colistin is a last-reserve polymyxin antibiotic prescribed against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections that rapidly develop resistance to antibiotics. In fact, bacteria carrying mcr family genes are already resistant to colistin. According to the WHO antibiotic classification, colistin is

Biofilms are_____. Check all that apply

Two-component histidine kinase regulatory system directly senses the presence of daptomycin outside of cells and responds by activating expression of MprF that adds lysines to phospholipids. This addition negatively charges the membrane; hence, it repels negatively charged daptomycin.

E. coli efflux pumps [______] the MIC of antibiotics.

Cells within biofilms have high metabolic activity; hence, they are susceptible to antibiotics. 

Which of the following represents an example of a lateral gene transfer? Check all that apply.

Check all routes through which bacteria can enter the air:

Which of the following is NOT an example of a porin-mediated resistance? (check all that apply)