After completion of an Okazaki fragment, β clamps are released from Pol III and recycled. In order to recycle the clamps, the clamps must be unloaded from the DNA. What unloads the clamps, or do the clamps spontaneously unload themselves after completion of an Okazaki fragment? To examine this question, the following experiment was performed by the O’Donnell lab. A substrate was prepared by loading 32P-labeled β clamp onto a circular nicked double-stranded DNA, then the substrate was incubated for 0-1500 seconds with either purified Pol III (panel C), γ complex (panel B), purified δ subunit of the clamp loader (panel D), or substrate alone (panel A). Incubation reactions were then size-fractionated on an agarose gel, and the gels were subjected to autoradiography on X-ray film. In panel D, δ subunits were incubated with substrate for 5 minutes with increasing amounts of δ subunit, then fractionated on an agarose gel, and autoradiographed as in the other experiments. The upper band in the gels represents the β clamp complexed with the DNA substrate, the lower band represents free clamp.  Based on the results below, which of the components assayed has clamp unloading activity?  

All of the following statements regarding normal Ras signaling are true except ___.

The MSH2/MSH6 complex is necessary for mismatch repair because it _____

Most metastatic melanomas carry activating mutations in one of the RAF genes, BRAF. The following drugs except __ may efficiently block this aberrantly activated pathway:

Herceptin is an effective treatment against breast cancers with amplified Her2 receptor because it targets Her2 and _______.  Select all that apply.

What course of treatment should you recommend? 1. BIPAP 2. Intubation and mechanical ventilation 3. IV Furosemide (Lasix) 4. Digitalis (Crystidigin)  

During mechanical ventilation rounds, a therapist is trending the patient’s dynamic compliance measurements. The primary purpose of this procedure is to monitor changes in the patient’s:

As the therapist is reviewing a patient’s intake/output record, the therapist notices that the urine output averages 65 mL/hr. The therapist should infer that the patient has:

What data supports your diagnosis? 1. CBC results 2. ABG results 3. BNP 4. Radiology  

Ms. Warren has the following laboratoryresults: prothrombin time: 5 secbilirubin level: 60 mg/L albumin level: 13 g/L These findings suggest which of the following?