A student nurse prepares for their first day of clinical on an acute care unit in the hospital.   Which is an expected clinical finding during the alarm stage of this stress response?  Select all that apply.  

While assessing the client’s injury, the nurse notes swelling and warmth at the site of the client’s injury.  What is the most likely cause of the clinical manifestations?

The nurse educates the client that the inflammatory response is activated after an injury occurs.  Which cell type releases histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet activating factor during an acute inflammatory response?

The nurse is concerned the client is at risk for allostatic overload.  Which is an effect of allostatic overload?

The nurse knows which pathological change can occur as a result of sodium-potassium pump failure?

The nurse knows the complement system (complement cascade) is activated during inflammation.  What are the primary actions of the complement system during the inflammatory response?

The client is prescribed erythropoietin hormone medication at discharge.  The client asks the nurse, “How does the medication work?”  Which statement best describes the expected effect of the medication?

Use the following information to answer questions #22, 23, and 24 The nurse cares for a client who reports noticing blood in their stool for several months.  A blood sample is obtained from the client and sent to the lab.  Results show a hemoglobin (Hgb) of 5 g/dL and a low iron level.  The nurse prepares to provide care to the client.

Use the following information to answer questions # 38, 39, and 40 The nurse cares for a client with a chronic illness.  The client also reports lack of family support and recent difficulty with finances. After performing a history and physical assessment, the nurse prepares to teach the client about the effects chronic stress.

Lab results state the client has “erythrocytes containing abnormally low concentrations of hemoglobin.”  Which is the best description of these cells?