A volcano in the Galapagos is home to two forms of iguana, a pink iguana (Conolophus marthae), and a yellow iguana (Conolophus subcristatus).  C. marthae and C. subcristatus diverged from each other (speciation occurred) 5.7 million years ago.  Based on what you learned in class about the biological species concept, this means that  [species] Iguanas produce femoral pore secretions from a gland on their back legs.  C. marthae and C. subcritatus have very different chemical signals released from their femoral pores.  The fact that the species produces different chemical mating signals serves as a [3]    

The following image shows the phylogenetic tree of organisms that evolved around the time of the Cambrian Radiation. Choose the most accurate statement about this tree: 

A small farm pond was stocked with 50 muskies earlier this spring. Because there were no other fish in the pond, the populations grew rapidly. If the rate of increase for these fish was 0.40, how many individuals were present in the population after one generation? 

In spotted hyenas populations, female adults are dominant to male adults and have priority access to resources.  Young adult male hyenas have high rates of dispersal (97-100% of males disperse).  The secondary sex ratio in spotted hyena populations is close to 50:50.  What would you predict for the tertiary sex ratio?  

Which of the following statements is ACCURATE regarding graded potentials and action potentials? Select all correct choices.

The common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) has evolved a resistance to the toxins of their prey, the rough skinned newts (Taricha granulose).  As the newts continue to evolve more potent toxins, the garter snakes evolve an increased amount of resistance to the poison.   This interaction can best be described as [1] Cellulose-digesting bacteria live in the digestive tract of cows.  The bacteria digest the plant material that the cow cannot.  The cow can use a source of food unable to other animals and the bacteria gets a nice, safe cozy environment in which to live.  This is an example of [2] Certain types of silverfish move along in permanent association with marching columns of army ants and share the abundant food caught in the ant raids.  The ants derive no apparent benefit or harm from the silverfish.  This is best described as [3] Plasmodium is an amoeba (a very small organism) that lives part of its life cycle in human red blood cells.  The presence of the Plasmodium in humans causes malaria, a potentially fatal disease. This is an example of [4]

What is the most interesting or important thing you have learned about biology this semester.  Explain your answer.  (Your total answer should be 2-3 sentences).

Which of the following may explain why more animal fossils have been found that date back to the Cambrian radiation than that date back to before the Cambrian radiation? (choose all that apply)

Different species of finches live on different islands of the Galapagos archipelago. Which of the following describes the formation of the different finch species?

Which of the following behavioral explanations is correctly paired with one Tinbergen’s questions?